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2010 Chechen Parliament attack
The 2010 Chechen Parliament attack took place on the morning of 19 October 2010, when three Chechen militants attacked the parliament complex in Grozny, the capital of the Chechen Republic, a federal subject of Russia. At least six people were killed, including two police officers, one parliament employee and all three suicide commandos. The attack was seen as significant because of its target and timing.
==Background==
In 2010, a majority of the seats in the Parliament of the Chechen Republic are held by loyalists of the Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov and the 2005 election was seen by critics as a "sham".〔Abdullaev, Nabi. ("A Parliament Built for Kadyrov" ). ''The Moscow Times'', 25 November 2005.〕〔Page, Jeremy. ("Chechens too scared to vote in 'sham' poll" ). ''The Times'', 26 November 2005.〕 The reigning government has been labeled by many observers and organizations,〔Goble, Paul. ("Window on Eurasia: Kadyrov has Made Chechnya a Totalitarian State, Human Rights Group Says" ). 16 January 2008.〕〔(Правозащитники: Тоталитарный режим в Чеченской республике вмешивается во все аспекты жизни людей ). sobkorr.ru, 15 January 2008. 〕〔Gligashvili, Sergei. ("The choice of unfreedom" ). Prague Watchdog, 25 May 2009.〕〔Ferris-Rotman, Amie. ("Factbox: Five facts on Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov" ). Reuters, 5 March 2011.〕 including Freedom House's yearly investigations〔(''Worst of the Worst: The World’s Most Repressive Societies 2009'' ). Freedom House〕 and Memorial,〔 as "totalitarian", although Kadyrov has furiously denied these allegations and characterized them as slander.〔Nowak, David. ("Activist on trial for slandering Chechen leader" ). Los Angeles Daily News, 3 February 2011.〕 Just days after the attack, parliament Speaker Dukuvakha Abdurakhmanov said the pro-Kremlin and pro-Kadyrov party United Russia, which has officially won over 99% votes with over 99% of registered voters allegedly participating the 2007 election,〔("United Russia wins over 99% of vote in Chechnya – preliminary data" ). RIA Novosti, 3 December 2007.〕 could get even "115–120%" of seats in the next election.〔Washington, Tom. ("United Russia could win 120% of seats in Chechen parliament" ). The Moscow News, 27 October 2010.〕
The attack happened as a Russian federal delegation including Russian Interior Minister Rashid Nurgaliev was visiting the republic to "hear how modern Chechnya was faring in peacetime"; some members of the delegation were actually in the parliament complex when the attack took place.〔("Chechnya parliament attackers 'arrived by taxi'" ), BBC News, 20 October 2010.〕 However, Vladimir Vasiliev, head of the Russian State Duma's Security Committee, said that the main goal of the attack may have been local, because of the low number of militants involved.〔
Following a raid on Kadyrov's home village of Tsentoroi on 30 August, this was the second major attack since a controversial change of leadership and consequent split amongst rebels in the North Caucasus. A few months before the attack, Dokka Umarov handed over leadership of the Caucasus Emirate to the Chechen field commander Aslambek Vadalov, only to retract his resignation a few days later, causing a rift in the leadership of the group. Subsequently, the four leading field commanders in Chechnya removed themselves from Umarov's command,〔("Chechen Commanders Rebel Against Umarov" ), RFE/RL, 13 August 2010.〕〔("Chechen Rebel Field Commanders Renounced Loyalty Oath to Doku Umarov" ). Eurasia Daily Monitor, Volume 7, Issue 182. Jamestown Foundation, 8 October 2010.〕 and stepped up attacks against the Kadyrov government.
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